ABSTRACT
Estudio no experimental, transeccional y correlacional que recopiló información respecto de los factores predictores de las conductas promotoras en salud, en la perspectiva de los Determinantes Sociales en la comuna de Coronel. El universo estuvo conformado por los adultos que durante el año 2007 se realizaron el Examen de Medicina Preventiva en los Establecimientos de Salud de la comuna. La muestra fue conformada por procedimiento aleatorio simple y estratificado, por sexo y en 4 tramos de edad. De los adultos que cumplían con los requisitos establecidos, se seleccionó el 5 por ciento de la población estudiada, quedando conformada por 223 adultos entre 20 a 64 años. La población estudiada fue mayoritariamente de sexo femenino. Destacaron como predictores de estilos de vida saludable el ingreso y la escolaridad. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se hace necesario fomentar la inclusión de los determinantes sociales, en los procesos de elaboración, ejecución y evaluación del conjunto de políticas sociales que influyen en la salud de las personas y comunidades.
An annual preventive health examination is offered to the population of age 20 - 64 years who are benefi ciaries of the Chilean National health care public system OBJECTIVE: To find out, among benefi ciaries living in the Municipality of Coronel, a) the level and distribution of certain socioeconomic characteristics; b) the main health related lifestyle patterns, and c) the association between variables a) and b).METHOD: Questionnaires on both groups of variables were applied in a representative sample of the population that underwent the preventive examination during the year 2007.RESULTS: The lifestyle variables were positively correlated with family income, school level attained and the clinic attended. The scores were higher among women. The combined effect of these three variables explained 17 percent of the total variation of lifestyle scores. CONCLUSION: In Coronel Municipality several social determinants of health appear to have some influence on various kinds of behaviour that are known to be related to the health status of the population. The results should be of use to the health promotion strategy in this region of Chile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Public Policy , Social Conditions , Social Indicators , ChileABSTRACT
En las ciencias sociales y de la salud actualmente comienza a ser conocido un diseño denominado como "experimento natural", que se caracteriza por ser un tipo de cuasi-experimento en que la asignación de tratamiento no es hecha por el investigador sino por un agente exógeno tal como una ley, una política sectorial o un fenómeno natural. Esa intervención exógena implícita permite que se formen grupos con bajos niveles de sesgos de selección inicial, por lo que la comparación de resultados encontrados en esos grupos (grupos afectados por la ley, la política o fenómeno natural respecto del grupo contrafáctico que no es afectado) permite predecir los efectos de la ley, política sectorial o fenómeno natural casi tan eficientemente como en la creación de grupos aleatorios de tratamiento y control.
Currently in social science research it is used a new research design defined as a "natural experiment", where the researcher has none participation in the treatment assignment because it has been directly done for an exogenous agent such as a law, a social policy or a natural event. This implicit exogenous intervention allows that low-level pre-determined selection bias groups be formed. Therefore, the comparison on results being found between these groups (law-affected group, social policy-affected group, or natural event-affected group versus contrafactic groups not being affected) allow to predict the effect of this law, social policy, or natural event almost so efficiently like happen in randomly created treatment-and-control groups.
Subject(s)
Nursing Methodology Research , Data Collection/methods , Selection Bias , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
Background: One of the goals of the national health reform is to promote a healthy lifestyle in all the population. The determinants of healthy lifestyles need to be identified to guide people towards this purpose. Aim: To analyze the health promoting lifestyle (HLP) in a community of Concepción and to identify the personal factors that might be predictors of such lifestyle. Material and methods: Pender's health promotion model was used as the conceptual framework for exploring the HLP among 360 persons aged from 15 to 64 years, free from chronic diseases. Data were obtained by a semi structured questionnaire and the following scales were used to measure HLP: perceived health status, perceived self esteem, and perceived self efficacy. Relationships between personal factors and HLP were studied. Data were processed with SAS software and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Only 52.2 percent of the sample had a healthy lifestyle. The variables sex, age, occupation, access to health care, self esteem, perceived health status and perceived self efficacy had a significant effect on HLP. A regression model showed that self esteem, self efficacy, sex, age, occupation and access to health care explained 30 percent of the variation in health lifestyle. Conclusions: Only half of the studied sample had a healthy lifestyle. The variables obtained with the regression model, should be considered to create effective interventions encouraging persons to integrate healthy behaviors to their life.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Health Promotion , Health Status , Life Style , Quality of Life/psychology , Attitude to Health , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Perception , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Background: In Chile, less than 30% of treated hypertensive patients achieve normal blood pressure values. Lack of compliance with treatment may influence the lack of success of treatments. Aim: To identify determinant treatment compliance factors, according to the Health Belief Model, in elderly hypertensive patients. Material and methods: A stratified and randomized sample with 245 elderly hypertensive patients, participating in the Cardiovascular Program of the San Pedro de la Paz Health Center in Chile, was studied. Modified Miller's Health Behavior Scale to measure therapeutic compliance and Health Belief Questionnaire to measure independent factors influencing compliance, were applied. Data analysis was done with Student's, test ANOVA and linear regression. Results: Eight of 23 factors were predictors of compliance: gender, occupational activity, smoking, modification of health behaviors, difficulties to take medications, perception of treatment effectiveness, knowledge and perception about hypertension. Conclusions: Knowledge about factors that influence therapeutic compliance allows to modify health care programs and improve their effectiveness.